Genetic improvement by the application of technology and species selection
By Professor T.Lam, National University of Singapore, Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.

Abstract

With rapid advances in the genomics, proteomic and bioinformatic sciences, the impact of biotechnology on aquaculture will continue to increase. Already there have been promising developments in:

1. transgenesis whereby fish with enhanced performance such as fast growth and increased disease resistance are produced;
2. molecular diagnostics and vaccines of pathogens;
3. molecular genetics and selection;
4. microbial/microalgal genetic engineering for water quality management or as probiotics/feed supplements;
5. reproductive and sex control;
6. nuclear transplantation and cloning, etc. However, such developments also raise issues such as risks to human health and the environment (Genetically Modified Organism issues), and ownership (Intellectual Property issues). One of the latter concerns that is particularly relevant to Asia region, is marginalization of small-holders in rural areas, who are unable to pay for such biotechnology advances.

In this presentation, some of the above developments and issues will be reviewed. The objective is to obtain a better understanding and appreciation of biotechnology, its potential to enhance aquaculture productivity, and its concerns.